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Figure 1. Treatment response to contact X-ray brachytherapy (CXB). Case 1: 65-year-old male diagnosed with low rectal adenocarcinoma staged as cT1cN0cM0 on MRI and CT scan. Refused surgery including trans-anal endoscopic microscopic surgery (TEMS) and external beam radiotherapy. Patient’s choice. Treated only with CXB. Started his treatment in December 2012 after informed consent. Fully understand and accepted that CXB is non standard treatment for rectal cancer. Significant regression of tumour after only one fraction of CXB and no palpable or visible tumour after 2nd fraction. Clinical complete response (cCR) maintained after 5 years with good quality of life and bowel control. No bleeding despite being on clopidrogel