fig11

Figure 11. A-D: Live/real-time three-dimensional color Doppler transthoracic echocardiographic technique for assessment of vena contracta area. Three-dimensional color Doppler dataset showing MR (A) cropped from top to the level of the vena contracta (arrowhead, B) and tilted to view it en face (arrowheads in C and D). The vena contracta area is then measured by planimetry. MR: mitral regurgitation. Reproduced with permission from Khanna et al.^[30]