fig12

Figure 12. Live/real-time three-dimensional color Doppler transesophageal echocardiographic technique for assessment of VCA. The three-dimensional dataset is cropped at the level of the MR vena contracta (MR jet origin) and cropped to view it en face (arrowhead). VCA measured 0.43 cm², indicative of severe MR. VCA: vena contracta area; LV: left ventricle; MR: mitral regurgitation; AV: aortic valve. Copyright with Navin C. Nanda