fig14
Figure 14. Schematic depiction of the flow convergence or PISA method for quantitating valvular regurgitation. Va is the velocity at which aliasing occurs in the flow convergence toward the regurgitant orifice. PISA: proximal isovelocity surface area; EROA: effective regurgitant orifice area; PkVReg: peak velocity of the regurgitant jet determined by continuous wave Doppler; Reg flow: regurgitant flow; Reg jet: regurgitation jet. Reproduced with permission from Manjunath et al.[4]
