fig3

Analysis of measures against mechanical complications in circumferential minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity

Figure 3. Implant-related parameters. RKA: Rod kyphotic angle in the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV)-L1; PSA: pedicle screw angle (angle between the pedicle screw and cranial endplate in the UIV); LPS: length of the UIV pedicle screw; UIV: upper instrumented vertebra.

Mini-invasive Surgery
ISSN 2574-1225 (Online)
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