fig2

Figure 2. Metabolism regulation through the TGR5 pathway. Red arrows indicated the elevated factors by TGR5 activation, while blue arrows indicated the decreased factors. Bile acid signaling stimulates energy expenditure, suppresses inflammatory cytokine secretion, and increases GLP-1 secretion through the TGR5 pathway. cAMP: Fibroblast growth factor receptor; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TGR5: transmembrane G-coupled protein receptor 5; UCP-1: uncoupling protein-1.